The development of a bicycle friendly environment requires the provision of a well planned, integrated network of bicycle routes. The linking of bicycle lanes (on road) and paths (off road) with residential areas, shops, schools workplaces and recreational reserves will improve the usability of the bicycle network.
The following documents are intended to assist practitioners develop a practical, attractive and safe bicycle network
09th Apr 2013
This Wiki, titled Bicycle Facilities in Holland, provides a useful case study and provides insights into infrastructure planning and traffic engineering to support cycling in the Netherlands. This wiki was created by students at Northeastern University and Portland State University based on a summer program to investigate the urban environment of the Netherlands in 2011.
02nd Apr 2013
A fun experiment to visualise how Sydney cyclists ride to work on a particular morning. This is part of a larger project to provide interactive maps and data to help understand the decision processes of cyclists when it comes to route selection for commuting.
Some cyclists aim for hills, others avoid them. Some cyclists like the shortest distance and others prefer prettier, less busy back roads to cycle to work on. Each cyclist is different and each cyclist has his or her own preferences when it comes to route selection.
25th Mar 2013
This study, published in the journal Accident Analysis and Prevention investigated the behavioural, attitudinal and traffic factors contributing to red light infringement (running a red light) between February to May 2010. 2061 people who cycled completed the survey of which 37.3% reported that they had ridden through a red light.The study found that gender (males) age (older >29 yrs) and previous bicycle-vehicle crash can characterise groups of people cycling that may run red lights and discusses cyclist inclusive infrastructure and enforcement.
08th Feb 2013
This report describes a before and after study of the application of shared lane markings for cyclists (“sharrows”) to three relatively slow speed streets in the inner suburbs of Melbourne. Sharrows appear to have a significant effect on cyclist lane positioning on roads where it is feasible for cyclists to ‘claim the lane’. The report, prepared for VicRoads by CDM Research, was published in February 2013.
26th Nov 2012
This research was published in the journal Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice in December 2012. To better understand bicyclists’ preferences for facility types, GPS units were used to observe the behaviour of 164 cyclists in Portland, Oregon, USA for several days each. The research found that cyclists are sensitive to distance, turn frequency, slope, intersection control, and traffic volumes. Cyclists place relatively high value on off-street bike paths, bicycle boulevards, and bridge facilities. Route preferences differ between commute and non-commute trips.
23rd Oct 2012
The Planning Checklist for Cycling was published by Bicycle Network Victoria in October 2012. The document is designed to enable professionals to plan and design healthy suburbs with comprehensive cycling networks for residents and visitors.The checklist is based on the requirements of the Victorian Planning Provisions and associated engineering design guidelines.
15th Oct 2012
In October 2012 VicRoads released an online map of the Melbourne Principal Bicycle Network (PBN). The PBN makes use of many local roads and off-road paths, as well as State arterial roads. New bicycle facilities on the PBN are designed with the principle of increasing separation between cyclists and motorists, and giving priority to cyclists at key intersections.
12th Oct 2012
The VicRoads SmartRoads network operating plans illustrate which transport modes have priority on the road at different times of the day. The plans have been developed through extensive consultation with local councils, government agencies and relevant stakeholders over several years. In October 2012 VicRoads released the SmartRoads Bicycle Priority Routes for each municipality.
05th Sep 2012
In July 2012 the Center for Transportation Studies at Portland State University released a guidebook designed to help US communities strategically plan for bicycle and pedestrian transportation.
24th Aug 2012
Bogota is the capital of Columbia and with a population of more than 7million it's the county's largest city. Bogotá’s CicloRuta is one of the most extensive bicycle path networks in the world. It covers more than 340 km and connects citizens to major public transport routes, parks, and community centers. The system is considered best practice, not only because it has reduced car dependence and associated emissions, but it has also fundamentally changed behavior in the city.
23rd Aug 2012
This series of Cycle Notes, by Transport and Main Roads (TMR) in Queensland is designed to assist planners and engineers provide for cycling in their local area.
22nd Aug 2012
In August 2012 Smart Growth America released their Complete Streets Local Policy Workbook. The workbook is intended to be used during the development of a city or county Complete Streets policy.
22nd Aug 2012
In August 2012 Smart Growth America released a report analysing the more than 350 complete streets policies that have been approved by communities across the United States. Complete Streets policies formalise a community’s intent to plan, design, operate, and maintainstreets so they are safe for all users of all ages and abilities.
08th Aug 2012
This report, published in August 2012 by the US Transport Research Board's 'Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) examines the travel behavior and public health implications of pedestrian/bicycle area-wide systems; NMT-link facilities such as sidewalks, bicycle lanes, and on-transit accommodation of bicycles; and node-specific facilities such as street-crossing treatments, bicycle parking, and showers. The report also includes discussion of the implications of pedestrian and bicycle “friendly” neighborhoods, policies, programs, and promotion.
20th Jul 2012
This research used video surveillance of 1245 cyclists in New Zealand at pinch points to determine the relationship between the remaining lane or shoulder width and the likelihood of cyclists traversing the edge line into the motorised vehicle stream. Results established that at 0.4m most cyclists could retain a course inside the edge line and navigate the pinch point without needing to enter the motorised vehicle stream. The results were published in June 2012 by the NZ Transport Agency.
20th Jul 2012
In April 2012 the first of 26 cycle superhighways opened in Copenhagen designed to encouarge longer distance bicycle commuting to reduce CO2 emission and improve commuters health. This video, produced by the New York Times, looks at bicycle use in Copenhagen and plans to roll out a network of superhighways.
05th Jun 2012
The objective of this study, published in May 2012, is to develop measures of low-stress connectivity that can be used to evaluate and guide bicycle network planning. For a bicycling network to attract the widest possible segment of the population, its most fundamental attribute should be low-stress connectivity, that is, providing routes between people’s origins and destinations that do not require cyclists to use links that exceed their tolerance for traffic stress, and that do not involve an undue level of detour.
10th Apr 2012
This paper focuses on The 30-Year Plan for Greater Adelaide and the opportunities it provides for walking, cycling and biodiversity restoration or enhancement in a number of yet to be developed greenways, and discuss the policy and funding possibilities emanating from the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Bill and CEF Biodiversity Fund. Indicative project examples are provided. The paper was published in 2012 in the Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Cycling Conference.
27th Feb 2012
This research paper, by Tim Jones, was published in the journal Transport Policy in February 2012. The paper presents research which aimed to identify the contribution of a typical section of the UK's National Cycle Network urban traffic-free path in encouraging cycling for everyday travel amongst a community living adjacent to this type of intervention. The paper concludes that provision of urban traffic-free cycle paths alone may be insufficient in encouraging a shift from car to cycling for everyday travel purposes.
27th Feb 2012
This research, by Ralph Buehler and John Pucher was published in the Journal Transportation in 2012. The results are consistent with previous research on the importance of separate cycling facilities and provide additional information about the potentially different role of paths vs. lanes. The analysis also revealed that cities with safer cycling, lower auto ownership, more students, less sprawl, and higher gasoline prices had more cycling to work.
01st Feb 2012
This research report was published in the journal Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board in December 2011. This study explored a methodology for assessing a neighborhood's bicycle accessibility or 'bikeability' on the basis of its mix of infrastructure and destinations, essentially the 20-min neighborhood for bicycles.
28th Sep 2010
This case study by the Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center (PBIC) was published online in 2009. Boulder has leveraged natural advantages with a significant commitment, well-designed plans, and resourceful follow-through to build a multimodal system and institutionalize the accommodation of bicycling and walking on many levels.
20th Sep 2010
This article, published in World Transport Policy and Practice in 2007, provides detailed case studies of cycling in six cities: two in the Netherlands (Amsterdam and Groningen), two in Denmark (Copenhagen and Odense), and two in Germany (Berlin and Muenster). It includes information about travel trends, lanes, intersection treatments, bicycle parking, public transport integration, safety and bicycle promotion.
20th Sep 2010
This case study, published on the US Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center website, details the methodology used to forecast pedestrian and bicycle travel demand for 23 years in the future, over the Columbia River on the Interstate 5 bridge between Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington.
17th Sep 2010
This 2003 presentation by Geoff Rose, Bikes and travel behaviour change – a transport engineers perspective, explores the balance between travel behaviour change program such as TravelSmart, with other methods of encouragement, such as bicycle infrastructure improvements.
16th Sep 2010
This handbook, published in 2009 by GIZ Sustainable Urban Transport Project (SUTP) and the Interface for Cycling Expertise, provides detailed information on how to develop cycling-friendly policies and plans. The manual provides practical advice about how to develop cycling policies and plans.
15th Sep 2010
This is a link to the 2010 Sustrans' National Cycle Network of the UK.
15th Sep 2010
This Transport for London web site outlines the Barclays Cycle Superhighways which are cycle routes running from outer to central London. Several routes have launched already with those remaining scheduled to be introduced by 2015. The site includes links to maps of the 12 routes, a collection of photos of completed routes, a video and more.
15th Sep 2010
This January 2005 publication by Lands Transport NZ, authored by P Ryan, R Boulter, K Dorrestyn and S Jensen Underlien aims to promote a consistent approach to planning the provision for cycling in New Zealand.
15th Sep 2010
Published in 2008 by the NZ Transit Agency and authored by MHW New Zealand and ViaStrada this research project compared cycle traffic flows after facilities have been built with predictions and with cycle traffic flows before construction. The aim of the project was to develop a tool to estimate demand for new facilities.
15th Sep 2010
Published in August 2000 this edition of VicRoads Cycle Notes provides guidence on how to provide for bicyclists on arterial bicycle routes and to select facilities that best match the needs of riders.
15th Sep 2010
This page provides links to the various bicycle networks associated with VicRoads.
15th Sep 2010
This 2001 report by Rod Katz offers an overview of various methods used to forecast demand for bicycle infrastructure outlining the relative merits of each.
15th Sep 2010
This 2006 report published by Austroads investigates actual and potential conflict between cyclists and pedestrians. It outlines best practice solutions to minimise the potential for conflict between these modes of travel. These solutions cover engineering, traffic management and urban design concepts, as well as education and awareness strategies.
15th Sep 2010
This link provides an abstract of this 2010 paper by Aud Tennøy of the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning. It was published in Transport Policy Vol 14, Issue 4. This paper asks how planners frame the 'transport problem', and how their framing of the problem affects urban planning.
15th Sep 2010
This 2005 report published by the NZ Transport Agency and authored by D. Walton, VK Dravitzki, BS Cleland, JA Thomas and R Jackett for Opus Central Labratories reports on a four-part research program undertaken between 2002-2004 to identify hazards to cyclists from features of the road network that are designed to benefit motorists.
15th Sep 2010
The Principal Bicycle Network (PBN) is a network of cycle routes that provide access to key destinations within the Melbourne metropolitan area. The PBN is one of a number of cycling networks that make up the cycling infrastructure of metropolitan Melbourne. The PBN is currently under review and the network will change substantially. Completion of the review is anticipated in mid-2011, and the website updated soon after.
15th Sep 2010
These guidelines, published in 2004, aim to assist land–use planners and related professionals to improve consideration of walking and cycling in their work.
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